Unit of measure is Gray.Īcronym for 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable,' means making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below the dose limits as practical. Positron/negatron pairs from photon radiation, and scattered nuclei from fast neutrons) produced by the interaction of the incident uncharged radiation in a small volume of air, when it is irradiated by an x-ray beam. The initial kinetic energy of the primary ionizing particles (photoelectrons, Compton electrons, For more information, see Chapter 2 of CDC’s fallout Surface material, the radioactivity in the fallout from an air burst is relatively insignificant compared with a surfaceīurst. Is high enough in the air to keep the fireball from touching the ground.īecause the fireball does not reach the ground and does not pick up any Clinical severity of the four subsyndromes of ARS ( hematopoietic, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular) will vary with dose and host factors (e.g., young or old age, immunosuppression, and medical co-morbidity-especially extensive trauma and burns). A person exposed to radiation will develop ARS only if the radiation dose was high, penetrating (e.g., x-rays or gamma rays), encompassed most or all of the body, and was received in a short period of time. Radiation Syndrome (ARS): The Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) is also known as Radiation Sickness. See also chronic exposure, exposure, fractionated Of minutes rather than in longer, continuing exposure over a period Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier, 2008, page 552)Įxposure: an exposure to radiation that occurred in a matter (Mettler FA Jr, Upton AC: Medical Effects of Ionizing Radiation, 3rd ed. Various units of (radio)activity have been used including curie (1 Ci = 3.7 x 10 10 disintegrations per second) and becquerel ( 1 Bq = 1 disintegration per second). The property of certain nuclides of emitting radiation by spontaneous transformation of their nuclei. Some of the actinides include plutonium, curium, and californium. Actinides with atomic numbers higher than 92 do not occur naturally but are produced artificially by bombarding other elements with particles. These are also called 'rare earth metals.' They include most of the well-known elements found in nuclear reactions. For more information,Īctinides: elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers from 90 to 103 (thorium to lawrencium) i.e., elements with a higher atomic number than actinium, which has an atomic number of 89. It is expressed in units of joule per kilogram (J/kg), andĬalled “ Gray” (Gy). See also risk, relative risk.ĭose: ( Animation) the amount of energy deposited O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | ZĮxpected to get a disease over a specified time period. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M Program Manual, Radiologic Emergency Preparedness (DHS/FEMA): See Glossary pages 281-306.Īdapted from Glossary of Radiological Terms.Low Dose Radiation Research Program: Glossary (DOE).IAEA Safety Glossary: Terminology Used in Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection, 2018 Edition (PDF - 1.83 MB) (IAEA, 2018>.Nuclear Regulatory Commission Glossary (NRC) Radiation Terms and Definitions (Health Physics Society).Radiation Glossary (Radiation Answers from Health Physics Society).Glossary of Nuclear Terms (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory).

Glossary and Quick Reference Information (DOE/ORISE/REAC/TS).Glossary of Radiological Terms (HHS/CDC).Countermeasures - Use of Myeloid Cytokines.Template for Hospital Orders (Adults/Children).

Radioactive element definition